Termite Control For Plants for Dummies

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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

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Within China, termite species have been restricted to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all ecological groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

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Termites are usually modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The largest of all extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not own a set of eyes. But some species, such as Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes which they use for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are wide and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like people in cockroaches but are more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is either immotile or aflagellate.

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Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females have an ovipositor, a feature strikingly similar to this in female cockroaches.48.

The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only for a brief amount of time, so they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have larger and heavier legs.

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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species check that of termite have an arolium, located between the claws, which is present in species which climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique would be to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.

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Caste method of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen E Soldiers F Worker

Worker termites undertake the maximum labor within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The procedure for worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.

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Some termite species do not have a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the exact same job without differentiating as a distinct caste.53.

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